Better Internet for Kids

Estonia’s Media Services Act transposes into Estonian law the EU  Audiovisual Media Services Directive. According to the Act, the scope of application of the Media Services Act also includes video-sharing platforms and social media channels, such as YouTube, Vimeo and Dailymotion. In order to provide a service, it is necessary to submit a notice of economic activities to the register of economic activities and to set out the procedure for blocking illegal content in the terms and conditions. In particular, Art.

The  Identity Documents Act establishes an identity document requirement and regulates the issue of identity documents to Estonian citizens and aliens by the Republic of Estonia. According to the Act, an Estonian citizen under the age of 15 does not have to have an identity card. An ID-card can be used to log in to e-services, such as an online bank, e-Kool (e-school). While there has been discussion on the EU Digital Identity Wallet (EUDI), a decision has not yet been taken on its implementation.

(Source: Estonia - Policy monitor country profile, 2025)

The Guidelines for publishing advertisements on social media is a non-statutory guidelines for advertising on social media. The Guidelines were prepared by  the Estonian Marketing Association along with the Consumer Protection and Technical Regulatory Authority has prepared to assist  social media influencers
to follow the valid laws.The guidelines clarify requirements for advertising aimed at children, transparency, influencer marketing, and compliance with the Advertising Act, applying to all platforms and supporting responsible commercial communication online.

The Basic Schools and Upper Secondary Schools Act regulates the organisation of studies of basic schools and upper secondary schools, the rights and duties of students and students’ parents or guardians (hereinafter parents), the rights and duties of school employees, the bases for management and funding of schools, and the bases for administrative supervision over the teaching and education activities of schools.

The National Strategy for Protecting Minors from Internet Addiction, developed by the Ministry of Digital Governance,  addresses the detrimental health impacts of excessive screen time, highlighting the role of AI algorithms and personalised content in fostering addictive behaviours. It proposes a multi-faceted approach, including redesigning digital applications to be inherently safer for children, implementing educational initiatives and awareness campaigns for parents and minors, and establishing protective regulatory measures at both national and EU levels.

Law No. 4779/2021 implements the Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) in Greece, regulating audiovisual media services and video-sharing platforms. The law establishes rules for the protection of minors, harmful content, advertising, age verification, and online safety, and sets requirements for reporting and complaint mechanisms. (Source: Website)

The Greek Advertising and Marketing Communications Code is based on the Advertising and Marketing Communications Code of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), which is applied internationally. The code was developed by the Communications Control Council, the competent body for self-regulation in the advertising market. This 2023 edition of the code sets out the rules that must be followed by all those involved in advertising and marketing, including advertisers, advertisers' agents, advertising media, content creators, influencers, bloggers, vloggers, etc.

Organic Law 8/2021 on the comprehensive protection of children and adolescents against violence provides comprehensive protection for children and adolescents against all forms of violence, including digital and online violence. It mandates prevention, early detection, reporting, protection, and support measures across education, health, social services, and digital environments, and requires protocols for cyberbullying, sexual abuse, and harmful content.

(Source: Spain - Policy monitor country profile, 2025)

The “Estrategia de Erradicación de la Violencia contra la Infancia y Adolescencia” (2023–2030) (EEVIA) is a national plan aimed at eliminating all forms of violence against children and adolescents. Its primary goals are to strengthen the prevention of violence through coordinated efforts among public administrations and stakeholders, improve detection and early intervention using an integrated and multidisciplinary approach, and increase the visibility of violence against minors to better understand its scope.

The General Law on Audiovisual Communication (Law 13/2022) transposes the European Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) and establishes obligations for video-sharing platform service providers who create content, as well as for influencers or highly relevant content creators, to ensure the protection of minors.  This law regulates audiovisual communication at the national level in Spain, including traditional and on-demand services, video-sharing platforms, and influencers.